Quantum cryptography

Quantum cryptography, also known as quantum key distribution (QKD), is a branch of cryptography that uses principles of quantum mechanics to secure communication. It leverages the fundamental properties of quantum physics to provide security features that are not achievable with classical cryptographic methods.

The main objective of quantum cryptography is to establish a secure key between two parties, typically referred to as Alice (the sender) and Bob (the receiver), in a way that guarantees the confidentiality and integrity of the transmitted information. The key generated through quantum cryptography can be used for subsequent encryption and decryption of messages.

Quantum cryptography offers several advantages over classical cryptographic methods. It provides unconditional security based on the laws of quantum physics, making it resistant to quantum computer attacks, such as those using Shor's algorithm to break traditional cryptographic algorithms.